“Get radiant skin!” “Banish your pimples!” “Glow from the inside out!”
These are some statements that pop up when asking Google the age-old question: what should I eat to improve my skin?
Recommendations usually include cutting out , other and . But is there evidence to actually support this?
Chocolate
Researchers the link between diet and skin health, particularly acne, in the mid-1900s. Dermatology textbooks from the 1930s advised restricting carbohydrates, sweets and junk foods to improve acne. But these recommendations were based on doctors’ experiences and observations, not quality research.
Chocolate is one junk food that often gets blamed as an aggravating factor of acne. In a , 65 people with acne were asked to eat one chocolate bar per day for four weeks. They were either given a bar that contained ten times the amount of chocolate found in a typical bar, or a bar that looked identical but contained no chocolate.
Results showed participants who ate the chocolate bars did not have more breakouts than those who didn’t eat the chocolate.
Similar results were found in a . Twenty-seven students who reported being sensitive to dietary acne triggers ate large amounts of chocolate, milk, roasted peanuts or soft drinks for one week. No significant difference in the number of breakouts was observed between the groups.
The jury is still out about whether eating Fudgy chocolate and cherry brownies is bad for your skin. Source: Alan Benson
But these studies also had some major limitations. The 1969 study was sponsored by the Chocolate Manufacturers Association of the United States of America. And both studies did not assess participants’ intake of other foods during the study period, which may have influenced their complexion.
More recently, a including ten men aged between 18-35 found significant changes occurred in the severity of acne after a single intake of pure chocolate (100% cocoa). There was a strong association between the amount of chocolate consumed and the number of breakouts four and seven days after they ate the chocolate.
Chocolate is one junk food that often gets blamed as an aggravating factor of acne.
So overall, study findings show conflicting results, and clear recommendations about chocolate cannot yet be made.
But better-quality research does suggest other dietary strategies worth trying if you want to improve your skin. These include eating more fruits and vegetables as well as foods with a lower glycaemic load.
Glycaemic load
The is a ranking between 0-100 given to carbohydrate-containing foods to describe how quickly the carbohydrates are digested into glucose (sugar) and absorbed into our blood. The lower the GI, the slower the rise in blood glucose levels when the food is consumed. Most junk foods (lollies, chips and cakes) have a high GI.
Glycaemic load (GL) builds on the concept of GI but also considers the amount of food being eaten. This provides a more accurate picture of the overall effect the food has on blood glucose levels.
Once the glucose enters the blood, a hormone called insulin moves it into our cells to be used for energy. Diets with a high GL trigger a higher response in insulin. This high level of insulin increases a hormone called the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which with skin breakouts – like pimples.
In a 2008 (considered the gold standard in scientific research as it compares findings between two groups), 31 males with acne, aged 15-25, were asked to follow either a low-GL or a high-GL diet for 12 weeks. The low-GL group was instructed to substitute high-GI foods (processed cereals, potatoes and white bread and rice) with lower-GI foods (lean meats, fruits and wholegrain bread and pasta).
Doughnuts most likely have a high GI and won't do your skin any favours. Source: China Squirrel
Most junk foods (lollies, chips and cakes) have a high GI.
The high-GL group was encouraged to include carbohydrates as a regular part of their diet and wasn’t educated about GI. Those following the low-GL diet saw their acne improve and lost more weight.
A had similar findings. But because participants in both studies who were following the low-GL diet lost weight, it’s also possible improvements in their skin were due to weight loss and not the diet itself.
Fruit and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are wonderful for our bodies in many ways, but they can also give our skin a natural, healthy glow – by tinting it yellow and red.
Our skin colour is influenced by three pigments – haemoglobin, carotenoids and melanin. Many fruits and vegetables contain carotenoids. These are responsible for the deep green colour of broccoli and spinach, the vibrant orange colour of carrots and oranges, and the red hue of capsicums and tomatoes.
When you eat fruits and vegetables, these pigments can in your skin, golden glow. The same benefits haven’t been seen with supplements, so it’s best to get your carotenoid hit from eating lots of different fruits and vegetables.
Carotenoids give fruit and vegetables their rich colours, which accumulate in your skin and lead to a healthy glow. Source: Mowie Key
What about milk?
Milk naturally contains anabolic steroids, growth hormones and other growth factors. In a complicated metabolic pathway, these factors lead to a higher release of insulin and insulin-like growth factor, which can stimulate the of acne.
A number of studies have examined the alleged connection between milk and acne. In 2005, 50,000 women and were asked if they had ever been diagnosed with severe acne by their doctor.
Milk naturally contains anabolic steroids, growth hormones and other growth factors.
Researchers found those who had a higher reported intake of milk (particularly skim milk) more commonly suffered from acne. with around 6,000 teenage girls and a with around 4,700 teenage boys showed similar results.
But no randomised controlled trials have been conducted that examine the association between milk and acne. This means whether dairy is a cause of acne hasn’t yet been established. High-quality research is needed before specific recommendations can be made.
Anecdotally many people believe milk causes acne, but the link is not yet proven. Source: Pixabay
Strategies for better skin
If you are trying to improve your skin’s complexion, you could try these strategies:
- reduce high-GL foods by decreasing the amount of processed, junk food you eat
- add that won’t spike your blood glucose levels (vegetables, sweet potatoes, barley, beans and multigrain bread)
- eat a diverse range of fruits and vegetables to get a healthy glow.
Are alternative remedies simply a myth or do they have a place alongside modern medicine? Medicine or Myth? follows everyday Australians as they pitch their diverse and sometimes divisive health remedies to a panel of medical experts, led by Dr Charlie Teo, in the hope of being selected for a real-world trial. #MedicineorMyth starts Monday 20 May 8.30pm on SBS and SBS On Demand.
