Txij thaum tau txheeb tau tus kab mob JN.1 uas yog ib tug kab mob COVID hlav ncau tshiab uas tau sib kis nthuav dav heev. Tus mob no kuj tau ras los ua ib tug mob muaj neeg kis coob ntawm Australia thiab , ces thiaj tau ua rau peb tau pom tias tab tau muaj phaum kab mob COVID sib kis coob tshaj plaws ntawm ntau lub xeev tsaib no.
Ntiaj teb lub koom haum tswj dej num noj qab haus huv (World Health Organization - WHO) thiab lub 1 hlis ntuj los yeej tseem tau qhia tias tus mob COVID no yeej tseem tsim teeb meem rau ntiaj teb txoj kev noj qab haus huv ''loj kawg nkaus'' vim yog ib tug mob uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaib tau, thiab kuj muaj kev txhawj xeeb tias tsam yuav muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntev ntxiv tuaj rau cov kev noj qab haus huv.
JN.1 thiaj yog ib tug mob tseem ceeb. Thawj yam ces nws yog ib tug kab mob - uas muaj yam ntxwv txawv tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 (uas ua rau muaj tus mob COVID) thiab thiab kuj tau ras los ua tus mob uas sib kis coob dua lwm cov kab mob () lawm.
Kuj yog tej yam tseem ceeb thiab vim yog cov kev pauv hloov tus kab mob COVID tshiab lawm. Raws li ib txwm pom ces cov kab mob SARS-CoV-2 yeej muaj ntsis sib xws li tej uas xub muaj dhau los, thiab yog thaum tau muaj ntau tus kab mob no hlav ncau dua tshiab lawm ces tej kab mob tshiab no yuav nyaum dua thawj cov kab mob xub muaj lawm.
Txawm li cas los, kuj muaj qee zaus uas thaum tus kab mob Omicron (B.1.1.529) kuj tau kis coob tuaj ntxiv rau lub sij hawm ob xyoos dhau los, thiab kuj tau muaj ntau kab mob uas txawv tej xub tau muaj dhau los tau tshwm sim tuaj yam tsis nco faj txog. Ces thiaj ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau yam thiab muaj cov kev sib kis.
Txog ntua tam sim no los yeej tseem tsis tau paub tseeb tias puas yuav rov qab muaj ''cov kev pauv hloov dua tej kab mob tshiab'' rov qab tshwm sim dua thiab, hasi tsi ntsees rau tej kab mob Omicron uas hlav ncau ua cov kab mob tshiab ntawd.
JN.1 yeej yog ib tug kab mob txawv thiab ces thiaj ua rau coob leej ntau tus xav paub tias seb WHO puas lees paub tus mob JN.1 no tias yog tus kab mob tshiab uas yuav tau txhawj xeeb thiab yuav tau tis ib lub npe ntawv Greek rau. Txawm li cas los vim muaj tus kab mob JN.1 no ces thiaj tau ua rau peb rov qab poob rau phaum kab mob tshiab uas sib kis coob lawm.
Tus mob JN.1 ho tshwm sim qhov twg los?
Tus mob JN.1 (los yog BA.2.86.1.1) ces tau hlav ncau ntau phaum BA.2.86 uas tau muaj rau lub caij nrab xyoo 2023, uas tau xub hlav ncau los ntawm phaum kab mob (2022) Omicron BA.2.
Ces thiaj yuav ua rau tej neeg mob ntev ntau hli (txawm tias ib txhia yuav tsis mob ntau xyoo) thiab tej zaum kuj yuav yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm tej kab mob tshiab uas yuav rov qab pauv hloov dua tshiab thiab.
Cov tshuaj monovalent vaccines tshiab ces yeej sim thiab siv kho tau tus kab mob JN.1 thiab. Source: AAP / Wolfgang Kumm/DPA
Thiab cov kev muaj neeg kis tau tus kab mob no tshiab thoob ntuj thiaj yog ib co xwm txheej kab mob virus uas tau muaj cov kev pauv hloov tseem ceeb. Tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 ces yeej yog ib tug kab mob uas muaj cov kab theem hlav ncau thiab pauv hloov tshiab siab heev. Tus mob JN.1 no los yeej hloov thiab pauv ua dua tus kab mob tshiab sai kawg nkaus li thiab.
Tus kab mob JN.1 no ho txawv lwm cov kab mob uas tau hlav ncau hloov dua tshiab li cas?
Tus kab mob BA.2.86 thiab tus kab mob JN.1 tam sim no ces yeej muaj cov cwj pwm sib txawv thaum ob txoj xub ke coj mus teeb txheeb hauv laboratory.
Thawj yam ces cuam tshuam txog tias tus kab mob virus no ho ua rau yus lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv li cas. JN.1 ces yeej tau cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej kab mob sib kis ntau tshaj 30 yam ntawm nws cov spike protein. Tsis tas li ntawd los nws kuj muaj cov kev hloov tshiab li L455S uas ua rau tej antibodies tsis muaj peev xwm tawm tsam nrog nws (ib feem ntawm cov immune system uas tawm tsam thiab pov puag) uas mus lo rau tus kab mob virus thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mob.
Yam ob ces cuam tshuam txog cov kev pauv hloov rau tej xub ke uas tus kab mob JN.1 no nkag tau mus rau peb tej cells thiab qog thiab tsim tej cells zoo tib yam. Raws li tau muaj ib cov kev teeb txheeb ntawm laboratory tseem ceeb tsis ntev no ntawm teb chaws Meskas thiab cov teb chaws Europe uas tau tshuaj ntsuam ces tus kab mob BA.2.86 no kuj nkag tau mus rau tej cells ntawm lub ntsws muaj ntsis zoo sib xws li ntau phaum kab mob delta uas ntej yuav muaj ntau phaum kab mob Omicron hlav ncau.
Txawm li cas los raws li Australia lub chaw teeb txheeb Kirby Institute uas tau teeb txheeb thaum ntxov thiab tau siv ntau yam techniques sib txawv los txheeb txog tias tus kab mob no ho muaj cov kev qog thiab tsim tej cells uas muaj ntsis zoo tib yam li tus mob Omicron thiab.
Yog li ntawd cov kev teeb txheeb txuas ntxiv txog tej xub ke sib txawv uas tus kab mob no nkag tau mus rau cov cell thiaj yog tej yam tseem ceeb vim yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem tias qhov twg yog qhov uas tus kab mob no nyiam mus tsim tej kab mob muaj ntsis sib xws rau ntawm lub cev, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem ua thaum kis tau tus mob no lawm yuav mob sab heev thiab cov kev sib kis.
Tsis hais yuav zoo li cas li, tej kev tshawb fawb tau no yeej qhia tias tus mob JN.1 (thiab SARS-CoV-2 feem ntau) tsis yog tias muaj peev xwm lug tau peb cov immune system xwb, tab sis tseem nrhiav tau ntau txoj xub ke tshiab los kis mob rau tej cells thiab kis tau rau tej cells no zoo heev. Ces peb thiaj yuav tau muaj cov kev teeb txheeb ntxiv tias seb ho zoo li cas rau tej neeg thiab ho muaj teeb meem li cas rau cov kev sim kho.
Puas yog tus mob JN.1 yuav ua rau mob sab dua?
Raws li tej theem uas tus kab mob BA.2.86 tau pauv hloov, nrog rau cov kev muaj peev xwm lug cov immune system uas muaj ntawm tus kab mob JN.1 no, thiaj tau ua rau muaj tus kab mob virus no sib kis thoob ntiaj teb tuaj coob tshaj tus mob XBB.1 uas peb pom rau xyoo 2023.
Txawm tias yeej tau pom tej li hais no, los kuj muaj pov thawj qhia tias peb cov immune system yeej tseem paub tus mob BA.286 thiab JN.1 yeej tseem muaj peev xwm tawm tsam tau zoo. , no ces yeej sim thiab yeej siv kho tau tus mob JN.1 tau hauj lwm zoo.
Thiab kuj muaj ob yam uas yuav ua rau ''mob sab heev'' li: thawj yam ces ''yog tej yam tseem ceeb heev'' uas yuav ua rau mob sab (yog tias yeej muaj ib tug mob phem mob xyaw nrog cov kev kis tau tus mob thiab lub cev ho tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv) thiab yam ob tuaj ces yog tias tus kab mob no muaj peev xwm sib kis tau yooj yim, ces uas ua rau tej neeg mob coob thiab tas sim neej coob, vim tau kis rau tej neeg coob dua. Thiab nqe kawg ntawd ces yog tej yam uas paub meej lawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tus mob JN.1 no.
Ho yuav zoo li cas ntxiv?
Peb kuj tseem tsis tau paub thiab tias seb tus kab mob virus no puas yuav pauv hloov los ua tus kab mob tshiab ''uas pheej ib txwm pom muaj li tus kab mob khaub thuas'' los tsis ua, thiab peb yeej tsis paub tias yuav yog lub caij ntev npaum li cas tej thiaj yuav muaj tej xwm txheej li hais no. Thiab raws li tau txheeb txog tej kev kwv yees ntawm plaub cov keeb kwm kab mob coronaviruses lawm ces tej zaum peb kuj yuav paub tias yuav zoo li cas thiab, thiab tsim nyog yuav tau xav tias tej zaum tus kab mob ntawd yuav zoo li cas lawm thiab. Cov kev muaj tus kab mob JN.1 tshwm sim no qhia rau peb lawm tias peb tseem tab tom ntsib cov xwm txheej kab mob COVID sib kis coob thiab ntshe yuav yog ib co xwm txheej zoo li no txuas ntxiv rau yav pem suab.
Tam sim no los peb kuj tseem nyob rau theem muaj kab mob phaum tshiab sib kis: uas yog phaum kis tom qab phaum sib kis coob heev. Txawm li cas los tus kab mob COVID yeej tseem yog ib tug kab mob sib kis tseem ceeb uas tab tom tsim teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb, tsis hais ua rau muaj neeg kis tau tus mob no sai thiab ua rau muaj tej neeg mob tus mob COVID ntev. Yog li tsis hais ntawm theem teb chaws los sis ntawm peb tus kheej thiaj yuav tau ua tib zoo rov qab xav txog ntau yam kev phom sij thiab ntshe yeej yuav muaj ntau phaum kab mob sib kis ua ntuv zus.
Yog li ntawd thiaj yog tej yam tseem ceeb uas peb yuav tau npaj tej tswv yim npaj tseg yuav ua raws kom ntxaws coj los siv tiv thaiv kom muaj cov kev sib kis kab mob COVID tsawg thiab muaj teeb meem tsawg, kom peb tsis txhob tau mus tu sab hauv ib qho chaw qhov twg (li yuav tsum tau xyuas kom muaj tej cua huv sab hauv ib qho chaw twg).
Yog li ntawd thiaj ceeb toom rau tej neeg kom kom tej neeg yuav tsum siv ntau txoj xub ke los pov puag lawv tus kheej thiab tej neeg ib puag ncig lawv.
Yog li ntawd thiaj yog tej yam tseem ceeb uas ntiaj teb yuav tau nrog soj tus kab mob no txuas ntxiv, kom thiaj li muaj peev xwm npaj tau tswv yim los daws tau tus kab mob tab tom tshwm sim tam sim no thiab kom tsim tau tej xub ke zoo dua tej tam sim no coj los siv. Txawm li cas los kuj tseem pom tias tej teb chaws txom nyem thiab tej teb chaws khwv tau nyiaj nrab los kuj tseem tsis shuaj muaj tej kev teeb txheeb txog tej no thiab. Yog li ntawd cov kev rau siab teeb txheeb thiaj yog tej yam tseem ceeb heev.
Suman Majumdar is an Associate Professor and Chief Health Officer - COVID and Health Emergencies at the Burnet Institute.
Brendan Crabb is a Director and CEO of the Burnet Institute
Emma Pakula is a Senior Research and Policy Officer at the Burnet Institute
Stuart Turville is an Associate Professor, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program at the Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney.
Suman Majumdar, through the Burnet Institute receives grant funding from the Australian Government via the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia, the Medical Research Future Fund and DFAT's Centre for Health Security.
Brendan Crabb and the Institute he leads receives research grant funding from the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia, the Medical Research Future Fund, DFAT's Centre for Health Security and other Australian federal and Victorian State Government bodies. He is the Chair of The Australian Global Health Alliance and the Pacific Friends of Global Health, both in an honorary capacity. And he serves on the Board of the Telethon Kids Institute, on advisory committees of mRNA Victoria, the Sanger Institute (UK), the Institute for Health Transformation (at Deakin University), The Brain Cancer Centre (Australia), the WHO Malaria Vaccine Advisory Committee; MALVAC, and is a member of OzSAGE and The John Snow Project, all honorary positions.
Emma Pakula does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Stuart Turville receives funding from NHMRC through an Ideas Grant and MRFF grant related to SARS CoV-2 immunology.
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