Russia's conflict with Ukraine has already claimed hundreds of lives, displaced more than a million people and spurred allegations of war crimes.
At home in Russia, the ramifications are also immense, with restrictions on press freedoms, freedom of speech, movement in and out of the country, and on access to foreign goods and services.
So what is life like in Russia as the war with Ukraine rages on?
Press freedoms and freedoms of speech under severe threat
Press freedoms in Russia have been waning for some time but since the start of the invasion, the government has issued an unprecedented crackdown on independent media and activists.
President Vladimir Putin has signed into law a bill introducing jail terms of up to 15 years for publishing "fake news" about the Russian army.
In a statement, Russia's lower house said fake news stories will lead to "serious consequences" with "imprisonment of up to 15 years", while people who call for sanctions against Russia could also face jail terms or fines.
"The law was necessary and needed urgently because of the unprecedented — not even campaign — but information war that has been unleashed against our country," Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said.
The media is instructed to only publish information provided by official sources, which describe the invasion as a military operation.
The country's key remaining liberal media outlets have been shut down in recent days, while others have been forced to abstain from covering the topic.
Russia has also blocked Facebook over accusations of "discrimination" against Russian state-tied news outlets, media regulator Roskomnadzor said, adding that access to Twitter, the BBC and other media websites was also restricted.
Foreign media outlets close to protect their journalists
BBC News, CNN, Bloomberg News and the Canadian national broadcaster CBC have all announced decisions to suspend their work in Russia as a consequence of the new law.
"This legislation appears to criminalise the process of independent journalism," BBC Director-General Tim Davie said in a statement.
He warned that journalists could face "the risk of criminal prosecution simply for doing their jobs".
The BBC has a large bureau in Moscow and runs a Russian-language news website, whose audience had "more than tripled ... with a record reach of 10.7 million people in the last week".
A BBC spokesperson said the company would "continue our efforts to make BBC News available in Russia, and across the rest of the world" despite the restrictions.
Bloomberg editor-in-chief John Micklethwait said the new law seemed "designed to turn any independent reporter into a criminal purely by association".
This made it "impossible to continue any semblance of normal journalism inside the country," he said.
Restrictions on freedom of speech
Russia's moves against Facebook and Twitter come at a time when thousands of Russians have been relying on social media for independent and critical voices on the crisis.
The Economist identified the geolocation of 7,120 social media posts voicing their opposition to the war in Ukraine, of which 3,495 were in Russia, with the posts spanning the country's 50 largest cities across all 11 time zones.
There are grave concerns that restricting the ability of residents in Russia to access social media and foreign news impedes their access to the truth.
The government has also demonstrated an unprecedented crackdown on the Russian opposition, with protest leaders being assassinated, jailed or forced out of the country.
Thousands of protesters have been detained following protests in Moscow and St Petersburg. In total, more than 7,000 people in Russia had been detained at demonstrations over Moscow's invasion of Ukraine, according to independent monitoring group OVD-Info.
A law enforcement officer approaches a woman outside the Gostiny Dvor business centre in Moscow during an unsanctioned protest against the military operation in Ukraine. Source: AAP / TASS/Sipa USA
Limited flights going in and out
Russia's residents are also restricted when it comes to international movement, with countries across Europe having closed their airspace to Russian airlines, and Russia responding by banning airlines from the same countries flying over its territory.
On Saturday Russia's flagship airline Aeroflot said it was suspending all its international flights from Tuesday 8 March after it was banned from the airspace of the entire EU.
It said all domestic routes would continue unchanged as well as flights to neighbouring Belarus.
The budget airline Pobeda — a subsidiary of Aeroflot — and Russian carrier S7 have also announced the suspension of international flights.
The decisions came over fears that leased Russian aircraft registered in foreign countries could be seized in connection with Western sanctions.
More than half of the commercial aircraft in Russia are leased, according to Aviation Week, an industry publication.
Russia's civil aviation agency Rosaviatsia has recommended Russians seeking to return home from foreign countries arrange flights transiting through countries that had not joined sanctions, such as Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Qatar, the UAE, Turkey and Serbia.
Meanwhile various nations including Australia have urged their citizens to leave immediately.
and advises those in the country to "leave immediately using the limited commercial options available or private means if it's safe to do so".
It also advises citizens to "remain vigilant and avoid any protests or demonstrations" while also reviewing their personal security plans.
"You’re responsible for your own safety and that of your family," it says.
Restrictions to foreign goods and services
A number of foreign companies have now paused business activities in Russia, reducing residents' access to foreign goods and services.
Retailers and businesses to cease activities in the country include Apple and Microsoft; German sports company Puma; Spanish clothing giant Inditex, owner of Zara; auto groups Volkswagen, BMW and Mercedes-Benz; French luxury giants LVMH, Hermes and Chanel; Swedish furniture giant IKEA; Intel, Airbnb, ExxonMobil, Boeing and Ford.
Some companies have said they will continue to pay their Russian employees during this time.
A view of the Microsoft headquarters on Krylatskaya Street, Moscow. Source: AAP / TASS/Sipa USA
This means cards issued abroad will no longer work in Russia, while Visa has also said its cards issued in Russia would no longer work outside the country.
, with advised citizens to "be prepared with alternate means of payment".
But the Russia Central Bank downplayed the effects the cards' suspensions would have on their clients, saying the cards would continue to work on Russian territory because all payments in Russia are made through a national system and do not depend on foreign systems.
However, the central bank warned that Russians travelling abroad should carry alternate means of payment.
